Overweight Among Adolescents in Surakarta City: A Review of Emotional Eating, Snacking Frequency, and Screen Time
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Abstract
Adolescence is a vulnerable period for nutritional problems due to physical and hormonal changes. Overweight is a multifactorial condition that commonly occurs among adolescents. Risk factors for overweight in adolescents include emotional eating, increased snacking frequency, and screen time. This study aimed to determine the relationships between emotional eating, snacking frequency, and screen time and overweight among adolescents in Surakarta City. This case-control study used a multistage random sampling method. The sample consisted of 280 students aged 13–15 years, with a case-to-control ratio of 1:3, from seven junior high schools in Surakarta City. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age (BMI/A) anthropometric measurements. Emotional eating was assessed using the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), snacking frequency using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and screen time using the Screen Time Questionnaire (STQ). Multivariate analysis showed that emotional eating and snacking frequency were significantly associated with overweight. Emotional eating was significantly associated with overweight (OR = 1.589; 95% CI: 1.312–1.925; p < 0.001), as was snacking frequency (OR = 1.004; 95% CI: 1.002–1.006; p < 0.001). In contrast, screen time was not significantly associated with overweight (OR = 1.006; 95% CI: 0.999–1.013; p = 0.054). These findings highlight the importance of addressing eating-related behaviors, particularly emotional eating and snacking frequency, in efforts to prevent overweight among adolescents.
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