Auricularia (Wood Ear Mushroom) Extract on Leukocyte and Lymphocyte Levels in Male Wistar Rats
Authors
How to Cite
Abstract
The immune system protects the body through the activation of immune cells, which can be supported by polysaccharides from wood ear mushrooms as potential immunomodulators. This study aimed to determine the effect of wood ear mushroom extract on leukocyte count and lymphocyte percentage in male Wistar rats. A true experimental post-test-only control group design was used with 25 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: extract doses of 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg body weight, a positive control group received an immune booster supplement, and a negative control group. The treatments were administered orally for 10 days. Leukocyte counts and lymphocyte percentages were measured using a hematology analyzer. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and DMRT as a post hoc test. Leukocyte counts showed no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05), whereas lymphocyte percentages differed significantly (p = 0.0005). Bonferroni post hoc analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Based on the DMRT results, 400 mg/kg body weight was considered the optimal dose because it belonged to the same subset as the positive control. Wood ear mushroom extract has potential as a natural immunomodulator that may enhance adaptive immune responses. Further studies are recommended to assess immune parameters before and after treatment and to identify bioactive compounds involved in its immunomodulatory effects.
References
Adha, M.A.R., Podesta, F., Fitriani, D., Suryadi., 2025. Analisis komponen bioaktif dan antioksidan ekstrak jamur kuping putih (Tremella fuciformis). Research Nabatia 12, 158–165. https://doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v13i2.1659
Ainu’rohmah, S., Purwaeni, E., Kafesa, A., 2020. Perbandingan jumlah leukosit pada penderita tuberkulosis sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan obat anti tuberkulosis fase intensif. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 10, 84–94. https://share.google/BkKi7jNv3mR4JBrEN
Azoulay, E., Mokart, D., Kouatchet, A., Demoule, A., Lemiale, V., 2019. Acute respiratory failure in immunocompromised adults. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 7, 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30345-X.
Chen, N., Zhang, H., Zong, X., Li, S., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Jin, M., 2020. Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula: Preparation, structural features and biological activities. Carbohydrate Polymers 247, 116750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116750
Elfirta, R.R., Saskiawan, I., Kasirah., Amalia, R.L.R., Ikhwani, A.Z.N., Widhyastuti, N., 2023. Kadar karbohidrat dan penapisan senyawa aktif dari Pleurotus pulmonarius yang diekstraksi menggunakan metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) dengan beberapa perlakuan suhu. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 19, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.47349/jbi/19012023/65
Elhusseiny, S.M., El-Mahdy, T.S., Elleboudy, N.S., Farag, M.M.S., Aboshanab, K.M., Yassien, M.A., 2022. Immunomodulatory activity of extracts from five edible basidiomycetes mushrooms in Wistar albino rats. Scientific Reports 12, 12423. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16349-2
Erawati, M., 2020. The optimum dose of beta-glucan for stimulating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) to produce cytokines : In vitro study. Indonesian Journal of Medicine 5, 170–177. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.5.2.285
Ibe, V., Ihim, S.A., Ikegbunam, M., Ugwu, M., Nworu, C.S., 2020. Influence of nigerian jelly ear culinary-medicinal mushroom, Auricularia auricula-judae (Agaricomycetes), on humoral and cellular immunity. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 22, 467-478. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341367618_Influence_of_Nigerian_Jelly_Ear_Culinary-Medicinal_Mushroom_Auricularia_auricula-judae_Agaricomycetes_on_Humoral_and_Cellular_Immunity
Kong, X., Duan, W., Li, D., Tang, X., Duan, Z., 2020. Effects of polysaccharides from auricularia auricula on the immunostimulatory activity and gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Frontiers in Immunology 11, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.595700
Maity, P., Sen, I.K., Chakraborty, I., Mondal, S., Bar, H., Bhanja, S.K., Mandal, S., Maity, G.N., 2021. Biologically active polysaccharide from edible mushrooms: A review. Internasional Journal of Biological Macromolecules 172, 408–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.081
Mirończuk-Chodakowska, I., Witkowska, A.M., Zujko, M.E., Terlikowska, K.M., 2017. Quantitative evaluation of 1, 3-1, 6-β-D-glucan contents in wild – growing species of edible polish mushrooms. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny 68, 281-290. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319682195_Quantitative_evaluation_of_1316_b-D-glucan_contents_in_wild growing_species_of_edible_Polish_mushrooms
Prakoeswa, F.R., 2020. Peranan sel limfosit dalam imunologi: Artikel review. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 2, 525–537. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3625-6142
Roszczyk, A., Turło, J., Zagożdżon, R., Kaleta, B., 2022. Immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides from lentinula edodes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23168980
Sangphech, N., Sillapachaiyaporn, C., Nilkhet, S., Chuchawankul, S., 2021. Auricularia polytricha ethanol crude extract from sequential maceration induces lipid accumulation and inflammatory suppression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Food & Function 12, 10563-10570. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo02574g
Simatupang, E., Purba, P., Juliana, S., Ayustin, Y., Irawati, W., 2022. Artikel Review : Terapi sel punca sebagai inovasi dalam pengobatan penyakit autoimun untuk mempertahankan sistem imunitas tubuh manusia. Jurnal Biologi Papua 14, 78–86. https://doi.org/10.31957/jbp.1513
Steenwijk, H.P.van., Bast, A., de Boer, A., 2021. Immunomodulating effects of fungal beta-glucans: From traditional use to medicine. Nutrients 13, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041333
Strzelec, M., Detka, J., Mieszczak, P., Sobocińska, M.K., Majka, M., 2023. Immunomodulation — a general review of the current state-of- the-art and new therapeutic strategies for targeting the immune system. Frontiers in Immunology 14, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127704
Sulistiyowati, A., Sudarti, S., Anggraeni, F.K.A., 2024. Analisis persentase limfosit dan monosit mencit balb / c setelah dipapar medan elektromagnetik extremely low frequency 500 μT dan 1000 μT. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung 16, 258–266. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v16i1.2503
W.H. Nugrahaningsih., Susanti, E., Nisa, M.D., 2021. Aktivitas imunostimulan daun elaeocarpus grandiflorus terhadap jumlah leukosit dan histologi limpa tikus yang diinduksi SDMD. Life Science 12, 192–201. https://share.google/WYrbGIfgfo9Sfw7SN
Zhao, M., Huang, H., Li, B., Pan, Y., Wang, C., Du, W., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Mao, X., Kong, X., 2025. Preparation of auricularia auricula -derived immune modulators and alleviation of cyclophosphamide-induced immune suppression and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Life 15, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15081236b
Zhao, S., Gao, Q., Rong, C., Wang, S., Zhao, Z., Liu, Y., 2020. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. Journal of Fungi 6, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040269