Detail Journal Information: Journal Title in ISSN: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA) ROAD ISSN | LIPI ISSN DOI: prefix 10.36590 e-ISSN: 2686-2883 (Online) Editor-in-chief: Dr. Rahmawati, S.Gz, M.Si Language: Indonesian or English Frequency: Three issues per year | April, August, and December Management Style: Open Access Focus and scope: Medical and Clinical Research, Food and Nutrition research, Public Health Research, Obstetrics Management Research, Nursing Management Research, and Pharmacy Research | more info Publisher: Sarana Ilmu Indonesia (salnesia) Accreditation: SINTA 3 Indexing: SINTA, GARUDA, Dimensions, Google Scholar | more info Visitor Statistic: Unique Visits Journal History: more info Announcement: Urgent Information| more info Citation Analysis: Dimensions, Google Scholar Collaboration with: ASOSIASI PENGELOLA JURNAL INDONESIA;ASOSIASI RISET ILMU KESEHATAN INDONESIA (ARIKESI);IKATAN SARJANA GIZI (ISAGI)
Prediction Model of Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Early Marriage Decisions in Bandar Lampung
Early marriage in Lampung exhibited a rate above national average, reaching 7,11%. Early marriage would impact significantly for adolescents because their quality of life in physical, mental health and social functioning aspect was decreasing. This study aimed to analyze the differences in average quality of life scores and develop a predictive model for health-related quality of life among adolescents who decided to marry early in Bandar Lampung. This research utilized a quantitative analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The population and sampling technique involved 116 individuals (both males and females) who entered their first early marriage during 2021-2025 period. Data were analyzed using Anova, T Test and multiple linear regression. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that only two variables were significantly associated with the quality of life of adolescents who married early (p<0,05): parenting style (p=0,019) and family support (p=0,045). The results of multivariate analysis obtained an R2 value of 10.6%, which meant that the research variables affected quality of life by 10.6%. In the multiple linear regression model, the model formula obtained was Y (Quality of Life) = 44,469 -3,036 (Parenting pattern) - 3.497 (Social support). This meant that one-unit increase in the parenting pattern variable, with social support considered constant, would decrease the quality of life of adolescents by 3.036 units. These findings indicate that social support and parenting variables act as factors that encourage a decline in the quality of life of adolescents, not as protective factors that protect their quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah Azzam Suyuthi, Suharmanto, Khairun Nisa Berawi, Jhons Fatriyadi Suwandi, Sutarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Accuracy and Agreement of ChatGPT Based START Triage in the Emergency Department of Gunung Jati Hospital
Triage is an essential process in emergency care services aimed at determining patient treatment priorities based on the severity of clinical conditions. This study aimed to analyze the accuracy and level of agreement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, in triage classification at the Emergency Department of RSUD Gunung Jati compared with medical personnel as the reference standard. This study employed a quantitative observational approach with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Data were obtained from 420 adult patient medical records collected between March and May 2025. Triage classification was conducted using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) method by both medical personnel and AI ChatGPT. Data analysis was performed using a confusion matrix and diagnostic tests, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), as well as agreement analysis using Cohen’s kappa and weighted Cohen’s kappa. The results showed that AI ChatGPT achieved an overall accuracy of 72.1% (95% CI: 67.8–76.4). The Cohen’s kappa value was 0.313, while the weighted Cohen’s kappa values were 0.338 using linear weighting and 0.384 using quadratic weighting, indicating a fair level of agreement. These findings suggested that ChatGPT had the potential as a supportive system in triage classification; however, it could not yet fully replace the role of medical personnel and still required further development, particularly in cases involving higher levels of emergency severity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Efa Dwina, Agil Putra Tri Kartika, Rizaluddin Akbar, Widuri Azmi Atmaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mackerel Fish Soup Supplementation on Hemoglobin Levels Among Second-Trimester Pregnant Women with Anemia
Several maternal and neonatal health issues can contribute to anemia in pregnant women, which is a significant public health concern, particularly during the second trimester. Iron supplementation should be accompanied by local dietary adjustments focused on dietary intake. As an essential component in hemoglobin production, mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is a good source of animal protein due to its high iron and vitamin B12 content. This study aimed to assess changes in hemoglobin levels following mackerel soup supplementation among second-trimester pregnant women with mild anemia. The study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with a total sampling technique involving 32 participants. The intervention consisted of 200 ml of mackerel soup containing 100 grams of mackerel, administered twice a week for three weeks. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention using a digital hemoglobin meter, and data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed, indicating that the mean hemoglobin level increased from 9.941 g/dL before the intervention to 11.053 g/dL after the intervention. In conclusion, mackerel soup supplementation may serve as a complementary food-based nutritional intervention to support the improvement of hemoglobin levels among second-trimester pregnant women with mild anemia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eti Eliza, Reny Retnaningsih, Raden Maria Veronika Widiatrilupi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bibliotherapy Using Picture Books in Improving Knowledge of Clean and Healthy Living Behaviours Among Lower-Year Primary School Children
Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat/PHBS) is an important effort to improve children’s health status from an early age. However, PHBS implementation in Indonesia remains low. Only 39.1% of households comprehensively practice PHBS, while handwashing with soap reaches only 27.2%. In schools, around 29% of elementary schools lack adequate handwashing facilities, and 18% do not have separate toilet facilities. These conditions contribute to diseases among children, including diarrhea, skin infections, and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI). The limited effectiveness of conventional learning methods indicates the need for more engaging health education strategies, such as bibliotherapy using illustrated storybooks. This study aimed to analyze differences in PHBS knowledge levels before and after bibliotherapy intervention among lower-grade elementary school students. A quantitative pre-experimental one group pretest–posttest design was used. The sample consisted of 30 third-grade students at MI Sunan Gunung Jati Malang selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a PHBS knowledge questionnaire before and after three bibliotherapy sessions using illustrated storybooks. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 1.83 to 2.13. Students with good knowledge increased from 20.0% to 36.7%, while those with low knowledge decreased from 36.7% to 23.3%. The Wilcoxon test showed p=0.020, indicating a significant difference before and after intervention. Bibliotherapy using illustrated storybooks demonstrated an increase in PHBS knowledge and has the potential to serve as an alternative health education strategy in primary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Aprillia Brilliant Pratama, Rifzul Maulina, Sulistiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Intervention Programs and Determinant Factors of Stunting Prevalence in Indonesia: An Ecological Study
Stunting remains a critical public health challenge in Indonesia. According to recent national reports, the prevalence still exceeds the WHO threshold, indicating a persistent burden. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of intervention programs and identify the determinants of stunting prevalence at the provincial level in Indonesia. This ecological study uses secondary data from 2022 covering 34 provinces, sourced from official ministry and agency reports. The study variables consisted of stunting prevalence; contributing factors (health, nutrition intake, socioeconomic); and intervention programs (nutrition, health, environment, social). Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman tests. The results showed a national stunting prevalence average of 23.29 ± 6.47%, with 50% of provinces classified in the high category. Factors positively correlated with stunting (p<0.05) included low birth weight, poverty, food expenditure, access to proper drinking water, and the family hopes program (PKH), all of which were associated with higher stunting prevalence. Conversely, factors negatively associated with stunting (p<0.05) included dietary pattern score, birth certificate ownership, average years of schooling, non-food expenditure, supplementary feeding for pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency (CED) and underweight toddlers, iron supplementation for pregnant women and adolescent girls, health professional-assisted delivery, antenatal care visits, immunization, postpartum family planning, and access to proper sanitation, all of which were linked to lower stunting prevalence. In conclusion, stunting is driven by multidimensional health, nutritional, and structural factors. Thus, integrated multisectoral interventions are essential to accelerate stunting reduction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Charoline Adelyn Dwi Della, Hadi Riyadi, Yayuk Farida Baliwati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Body Composition and Handgrip Strength for Early Detection of Sarcopenia in Employees
Sarcopenia is a degenerative disorder characterized by the decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, which is now emerging among the sedentary productive-age population. Early detection of this condition can be practically and affordably achieved through body composition analysis and handgrip strength measurement.This study aimed to investigate the correlation between body composition parameters and handgrip strength among the staff at Immanuel Health Institute. This study used a cross-sectional analytic study design on 75 employees selected using total sampling. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, visceral fat, and skeletal muscle mass were measured using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) scale, while handgrip strength was assessed with a digital hand dynamometer. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength (r = 0.602, p < 0,001), while a significant negative correlation was found with body fat percentage (r = -0.536, p < 0.001). Neither BMI (r = 0.033, p = 0.778) nor visceral fat (r = 0.175, p = 0.133) demonstrated a significant relationship. Multiple linear regression analysis identified skeletal muscle mass as the only significant predictor of handgrip strength (β = 2.176, p < 0.001), with an adjusted R² value of 0.530. In conclusion, skeletal muscle mass was a key predictor of handgrip strength among employees. Skeletal muscle mass using BIA in conjunction with handgrip strength was suggested as an effective and practical method for early detection of sarcopenia in the productive workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iriyanti Harun, Stephanie Melia, Iriyani Harun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Type of Feeding and Age Group with the Incidence of Diarrhea in Infants Aged 0–6 Months
Diarrhea remains a common health problem among infants, particularly during the first six months of life. Differences in feeding methods and the level of maturity of the infant digestive system are believed to influence susceptibility to diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the incidence of diarrhea and type of feeding (exclusive breastfeeding or formula feeding) as well as infant age group (0–3 months and 4–6 months). Medical records of 84 infants treated at Hermina Hospital, Bogor, during 2025 were analyzed using the Chi-square statistical test, while the strength of the association was measured using prevalence ratio analysis. The results showed that infants who received formula feeding tended to experience diarrhea more frequently than those who received exclusive breastfeeding, and this difference was statistically significant. In addition, older infants tended to experience diarrhea more frequently than younger infants, and this difference was also statistically significant. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting exclusive breastfeeding as a preventive measure against diarrhea in infants, while also highlighting the need for close monitoring of early signs of digestive disorders, especially during the transitional phase after two months of age. Providing educational support for parents and healthcare workers is also important to improve understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and to facilitate early detection of diarrhea.
Copyright (c) 2026 R Yusuf Firdaus Albana, Raden Ayu Libert Gatho Reza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Predictors of Cognitive Fuction in School Children: Screen Time, Nutritional Status and Pneumonia
Cognitive development and intelligence of children are shaped by multifactorial influences, including genetic predisposition, environmental conditions, nutritional status, cognitive stimulation, educational exposure, and overall health status. The average Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of the Indonesian population is 89.96, which is categorized within the average range at the global level. This study aims to identify significant risk factors associated with lower cognitive function in children and to determine the optimal risk score threshold. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 80 school-aged children selected through simple random sampling. IQ was measured using the CFIT administered by child psychologists, while nutritional status was assessed BMI-for-age (BMI/U) criteria. This research we used logistic regression modeling to identify significant determinants, followed by ROCcurve analysis, Youden Index calculation, and risk score estimation—derived from the ratio of each significant predictor to the smallest significant coefficient. The result significant association is screen time (PR=5,23; 95% CI:1,49–18,29), history of pneumonia (PR=3,92; 95% CI:1,13–13,68), and poor nutritional status (PR=4,03; 95% CI:1,34–12,11). The predictive model showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.794, with a Youden Index threshold of 2 (0,630–0,882), indicating the cut-off point for increased risk of lower intelligence in children. Screen time, a history of pneumonia, and poor nutritional status were identified as key predictors of lower cognitive function, with a risk score of ≥ 2 as the threshold. Parental control over digital exposure and the reinforcement of preventive health behaviors are essential components in improving children’s cognitive outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melly Kristanti, Isniani Ramdhani, Yosha Putri Wahyuni, Faiz Isra Rizqie, Khairunnisa, Baiq Devinta Putri Syafira, Nyimas Fathiya Muthmainnah, Dina Varisiya, Ayudya Anjani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Menu Acceptability in Indonesia’s Free Nutritious School Meal Program (MBG) among SD and SMP Students in North Jakarta
Indonesia’s Nutritious Meal Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis, MBG) is a school-based intervention aimed at improving students’ nutritional intake. The success of the program depends not only on menu quality but also on food acceptability, which influences actual consumption. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of MBG menu acceptability among elementary school (ES) and junior high school (JHS) students in North Jakarta. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two program-recipient schools, including ES (n=87) and JHS (n=73) students. Menu acceptability was assessed using a hedonic test, employing a 3-point scale for ES students and a 5-point scale for JHS students. Hedonic scores from ES students were linearly transformed to a 1–5 scale to enable comparability. Independent variables included nutrition knowledge, teacher support, household income, and eating habits (JHS only). Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square test, and Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR). Results showed that overall acceptability scores were significantly higher among JHS than ES students (p < 0.001), while in ES, nutrition knowledge, teacher support, and household income showed no independent association with menu acceptability. In the JHS group, nutrition knowledge and eating habits were significantly associated with higher menu acceptability, while teacher support and household income were not significant in the final model. These findings indicated that determinants of menu acceptability differ by educational level. Tailored strategies to students’ development may improve school meals’ effectiveness in promoting healthy eating.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mia Srimiati, Adhila Fayasari, Meisi Aspiran Telaumbauna, Ananda Gabriella https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge, Attitude, and Compliance in Taking Blood Supplement Tablets (TTD) and The Incidence of Anemia in Adolescent Girls
Anemia in adolescent girls remains a prevalent health problem and has the potential to impact the quality of future health. Anemia prevention is influenced not only by knowledge, but also by attitude and compliance in consuming iron supplement tablets (TTD). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitude regarding anemia, as well as compliance with TTD consumption, and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. This study utilized an observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 86 female students at SMP Negeri 5 Tasikmalaya City, selected using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires, TTD consumption checklist sheets, and hemoglobin level measurements using the HemoCue 201+ device, and were analyzed bivariately using the Chi-square test. The results showed that most subjects had low knowledge (62.8%) and were non-compliant in consuming TTD (55.8%), with an anemia incidence of 48.8%. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (p = 0.024) as well as the incidence of anemia (p = 0.049). Additionally, a relationship was found between attitude and the incidence of anemia (p = 0.018), as well as between compliance with TTD consumption and the incidence of anemia (p = 0.028). It can be concluded that attitude and compliance with TTD consumption play a more direct role in the incidence of anemia compared to knowledge. Therefore, interventions need to be directed not only toward increasing knowledge, but also toward shaping the attitude and behavior of adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yana Listyawardhani, Muhamad Zulfikar Mansyur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nutritional Status, Sleep Duration and the Menstrual Cycle Among Adolescent Girls
Menstrual cycle regularity is an important indicator of reproductive health in adolescent girls. Irregular menstrual cycles are still commonly found and are suspected to be associated with lifestyle factors, particularly nutritional status and sleep duration. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and sleep duration with menstrual cycles among female students at SMAN 10 Tasikmalaya. The study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Respondents were adolescent girls aged 16–18 years who had experienced menstruation. Nutritional status data were obtained through anthropometric measurements using body mass index-for-age, while information regarding sleep duration and menstrual cycles was collected through interviews using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most respondents with overweight nutritional status had normal menstrual cycles. In addition, adolescents with insufficient sleep duration tended to experience irregular menstrual cycles. Nutritional status and sleep habits was associated with menstrual cycle patterns among adolescent girls. Therefore, health education in the school environment regarding the importance of balanced nutrition and good sleep habits is needed to maintain adolescent reproductive health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusrima Syamsina Wardani, Tahirah Sakinatun Nisa, Lilik Hidayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Back Massage in Reducing Anxiety and Back Pain in Third Trimester Pregnant Women
Anxiety is a common problem among pregnant women, especially during the third trimester. Maternal anxiety refers to the experience of excessive and distressing worry, fear, and anxiety related to childbirth, concerns about the well-being of the developing fetus, and the challenges of parenthood. Lower back pain can reduce a pregnant woman's quality of life. Back massage is an intervention that can be offered to pregnant women in the third trimester to relieve anxiety and back pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of back massage on anxiety and back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. This quantitative research used a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest design for one group of 30 subjects, using consecutive sampling as the sampling technique. The research was conducted from July to December 2025 in the Mulyorejo Community Health Center Working Area, Deli Serdang Regency. The data collected were primary data, derived from guided interviews using a questionnaire. This study used the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale to assess maternal anxiety and the Numeric Rating Scale to assess back pain. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Stats 22 software using the Wilcoxon test with a 95% confidence level (p-value < 0.05). The study results showed a decrease in anxiety from 16.60 to 10.87, and a decrease in pain from 2.10 to 0.47, with p = 0.0001 for both outcomes. It can be concluded that back massage reduces anxiety and pain in pregnant women in the third trimester.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustina Boru Gultom, Arbani Batubara, Masnila, Nurlama Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Energy Intake, PUFA, Vitamin E, Vitamin B1, and Vitamin B6 with Hemoglobin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a structural or functional kidney disorder that lasts for three months or longer despite poor health. Patients with kidney disease are at risk of developing anemia, the primary etiology of which is decreased erythropoietin. Energy intake, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 play a role in erythropoiesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between energy intake, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 with Hb levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Ciamis Regional General Hospital. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique in this study used non-probability sampling with quota sampling with a sample size of 74 subjects. Energy intake, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 were obtained through 3 x 24-hour non-consecutive food recalls. Data on subjects' hemoglobin levels used pre-hemodialysis hemoglobin levels obtained from subjects' medical records. Bivariate analysis used the Spearman-Rank correlation test. The results of the study showed that there was an association between energy intake (p-value = 0.000; ρ = 0.534), PUFA (p-value = 0.002; ρ = 0.367), vitamin E (p-value = 0.001; ρ = 0.370), vitamin B1 (p-value = 0.001; ρ = 0.370), and vitamin B6 (p-value = <0.001; ρ = 0.471) with Hb levels. It was concluded that energy intake, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 with Hb levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Adequate energy intake and a diet rich in PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 ciuld help prevent anemia in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luh Desi Puspareni, Rani Triani, Taufiq Firdaus Al-Ghifari Atmaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Protein Intake Among Female Adolescents in Tasikmalaya City
Adequate protein quantity and quality are vital to support the rapid physical growth, development, and specific nutritional needs of adolescent girls. This study aimed to analyze protein intake in adolescent girls. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 514 female students from 10 public junior high schools in Tasikmalaya City who were selected using proportional random sampling. Protein intake was measured using a 2 x 24-hour non-consecutive food recall method. Total protein intake data (g) were separated into animal protein intake and vegetable protein intake. Demographic factors, eating habits, and behavior of the subjects were measured using a structured questionnaire. Analysis used the Spearman Rank Test and the Mann Whitney Test for non-normally distributed data. The results that showed a relationship with total protein intake were age (p = 0.013), father's education (p = 0.005), mother's education (p = 0.001), father's occupation (p < 0.001), and snacking habits (p = 0.008). Factors associated with animal protein intake were maternal education (p = 0.03), paternal occupation (p = 0.003), and maternal occupation (p = 0.028). Meal skipping was associated with total protein intake (p = 0.004) and vegetable protein intake (p = 0.016). Breakfast habits were associated with animal protein intake (p = 0.048). This provided a basis for designing appropriate nutrition programs, including education about healthy food choices and the importance of nutrient balance in the daily diet of adolescent girls.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Fikrinnisa, Lilik Hidayanti, Luh Desi Puspareni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Analysis of Factors Associated with Anxiety in Pregnant Women
Anxiety during pregnancy has the potential to affect the psychological and physical well-being of both the mother and the fetus. If not properly managed, this anxiety can persist into the postpartum period and increase the risk of postpartum depression, labor complications, preterm birth, and low birth weight (LBW) infants, as well as potentially hinder fetal brain development. This study aimed to identify factors associated with anxiety among pregnant women at the Sleman Community Health Center in Yogyakarta. This study was a quantitative survey using a cross-sectional study design. The study subjects consisted of 105 individuals who met the inclusion criteria and were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using the PASS (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale) questionnaire, and analysis was performed using Fisher’s Exact test. The results showed that 51 subjects (48.6%) experienced mild to moderate anxiety. In addition, this study found a significant association between the age of pregnant women and anxiety (p = 0.041). However, no significant association was found between the number of pregnancies (p = 0.063), gestational age (p = 0.275), educational level (p = 0.143), and economic status (p = 0.904) and maternal anxiety. The factor associated with anxiety in pregnant women is maternal age, whereas the number of pregnancies, gestational age, education, and economic status do not influence anxiety in pregnant women. The results of this study support the importance of support through health policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Nadillah Isti, Dwi Ernawati, Ririn Wahyu Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Ecological Study and Disparities Analysis of Stunting and Its Predictors in Indonesia Based on SSGI 2024
Stunting still remains a public health problem in Indonesia. Based on Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) 2024, the prevalence of stunting has declined over the past decade but remains high and varies considerably across the 36 provinces. This study aimed to describe ecological patterns and regional disparities in stunting prevalence and its predictors in Indonesia. This ecological study used secondary data from the SSGI 2024, with provinces as the unit of analysis. The dependent variable was provincial stunting prevalence, while independent variables included maternal knowledge, complete basic immunization, standard growth monitoring, iron supplementation, and access to safe drinking water. Bivariate analysis was conducted using scatter plots, and Spearman correlation tests were applied to assess associations. The results revealed clear disparities in stunting prevalence between western and eastern Indonesia, particularly across Sumatra, Java, and Bali. Provinces with higher coverage of complete basic immunization and better access to safe drinking water tended to have lower stunting prevalence. Conversely, higher coverage of growth monitoring was associated with higher stunting prevalence. Three variables were significantly associated with stunting prevalence: complete basic immunization (p-value = 0.03), standard growth monitoring (p-value = 0.007), and access to safe drinking water (p-value = 0.0002). The findings suggest that strengthening basic immunization, growth monitoring, and access to safe drinking water, particularly through optimizing POSYANDU as an integrated maternal and child health service may help reduce stunting prevalence in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Niken Agus Tianingrum, Reny Mareta Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk Factors of Stunting Among Under-Five Children in the Babirik Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in toddlers in Indonesia, including in Babirik District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, with a prevalence rate of 23.98%, which impacts children's growth and development. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for stunting in toddlers aged 12–59 months in Babirik District. This study used an observational analytical design with a case-control approach in 108 toddlers with a 1:1 ratio. The variables studied included maternal age during pregnancy, maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, maternal history of pregnancy complications, birth weight, history of exclusive breastfeeding, and history of complementary feeding. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with searches of KIA books and medical records, data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR). The results showed that the majority of mothers during pregnancy were 20–35 years old (83.3%), with normal nutritional status (65.7%), and did not experience pregnancy complications (75.9%). Most toddlers were born with normal weight (88%), received exclusive breastfeeding (54.6%), and received complementary foods on time (57.4%). Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy (p-value = 0.008), birth weight (p-value = 0.008; OR = 1.895), and exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.001; OR = 1.317) were significantly associated with stunting, while maternal age, pregnancy complications, and appropriate complementary feeding were not associated (p-value > 0.05). It is recommended that stuntingprevention efforts focus on improving maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, monitoring birth weight, and strengthening exclusive breastfeeding through health services
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamidah, Niken Widyastuti Hariati, Rahmani, Siti Mas'Odah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heart Disease Risk Classification and Feature Importance Based on Machine Learning Using Microdata SKI 2023
Cardiovascular disease remained the leading cause of mortality in Indonesia, with death rates increasing by more than 25% and national health expenditure reaching Rp17.92 trillion. Its complex risk profile requires population-based predictive approaches. The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) provided extensive data suitable for Machine Learning-based risk modelling. This study aimed to develop a classification model for heart-disease risk and identify dominant risk factors using the Random Forest algorithm. A case-control design was applied, with data divided into training and testing sets using an 80:20 ratio to ensure objective model evaluation. The analysis followed the Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) framework, including data selection, preprocessing, transformation, modelling, and evaluation. Random Forest was used for classification, while feature importance was assessed using Information Gain and Gain Ratio. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Age, hypertension, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were identified as the most influential predictors. The model achieved an accuracy of 72.13%, sensitivity of 73.11%, and specificity of 71.26%, indicating stable classification performance on large population data. However, this study is limited by the use of secondary data and the absence of external validation. These findings highlight the potential of Machine Learning to support population-based risk stratification and inform targeted prevention strategies, contributing to evidence-based policy development and early screening programs in primary healthcare settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahra Mulki Syari'ati, Maula Ismail Muhamad, Lina Khasanah, Bambang Karmanto, Suratmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Health Belief Model–Based Education on Post-Stroke Neurological Disorders Affecting Oral Health: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Stroke is no longer limited to the elderly but is increasingly found among younger populations. However, adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes toward stroke remain low. Stroke can affect oral and facial tissues, disrupting essential daily functions such as eating, drinking, swallowing, and communication. This study aimed to examine the effect of Health Belief Model (HBM)–based health education on students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding post-stroke neurological disorders affecting oral health. The study employed a quasi-experimental approach using a non-equivalent control group design among 64 first-year students of Dental Technology and Dental Health at Tanjung Karang Polytechnic. Participants were chosen through simple random sampling and then assigned to experimental and control groups. The study consisted of three stages: pre-test, intervention, and post-test. Knowledge was measured using 20 multiple-choice questions, while attitudes were assessed using 15 Likert-scale statements. Data were analysed using Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank, Independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney with SPSS version 26. The results showed significant improvements in both groups (p < 0.05), with greater gains in the experimental group for knowledge (t = 24.334 vs. 8.184) and attitudes (t = 13.538 vs. Z = -4.944). However, based on the Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group (p < 0.05). HBM-based health education was more effective than conventional education in improving students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding post-stroke neurological disorders affecting oral health. The HBM approach was recommended as an effective educational framework for health promotion in post-stroke oral health care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jenal Abidin, Sepriana Urianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Changes in Adolescents' Premarital Sex Attitudes After Reproductive Health Education
Premarital sexual behavior among adolescents remains a public health problem because it can lead to the risk of unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and psychological impacts. Lack of knowledge about reproductive health is one of the factors causing the emergence of this risky behavior. This study aimed to analyze changes in adolescents' premarital sexual attitudes after reproductive health counseling. The research design used a pre-experimental with a one-group pre-test and post-test method. The research subjects were 70 eighth-grade students selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a 23-item Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability (Cronbach Alpha = 0.852). Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test because the data were not normally distributed. The results showed an increase in attitude scores after counseling, with an average pre-test score of 58.54 and a post-test score of 83.06. The median value increased from 53.50 to 84.00, while the mode increased from 77 to 92. The Wilcoxon test results showed a p-value < 0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the scores before and after counseling. In conclusion, reproductive health counseling has been proven to be effective in increasing
Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Ayu Ciputri, Sheena Ramadhia Asmaradhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Growth Organizational Culture on Hospital Performance Mediated by Person–Organization Fit and Job Satisfaction
Achieving optimal hospital performance requires management to align organizational culture with employee characteristics, with leadership serving as a strategic guiding mechanism. This study explored organizational leadership as a control variable influencing these relationships at Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Palembang. This study aims to provide strategic insights for management to enhance performance through effective organizational culture management, person-organization fit, and increased employee job satisfaction.The population in this study was all staff, both health workers and non-health workers who worked at Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Palembang during the period October to November 2024. This study involved 170 staff with a medical background (doctors) of 58 people, nurses 61 people, other health workers 36 people, and non-medical staff of 15 people. The sample selection technique used in this study was a purposive sampling approach, also known as judgmental sampling. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires containing 35 questions with a Likert Scale of 1-5. The data were analyzed using the SEM PLS method. Based on the results of this study, growth organizational culture positively influenced hospital performance, job satisfaction, and Person–Organization Fit. Also, organizational leadership affected hospital performance. The findings of this study could provide significant managerial implications for hospital management to make several continuous improvement, especially concerning aspects of human resource development and organizational culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustina Setyaningrum, Dewi Sri Wuisan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge, Supervision, and Availability of Facilities and the Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Welding Workers in the Shipyard Industry
Welding workers face serious occupational hazards including exposure to metal fumes, ultraviolet radiation, sparks, and musculoskeletal disorders. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO, 2023), nearly 3 million deaths occur annually due to occupational accidents and diseases. In Batam, from January to September 2025, 4,610 cases of occupational accidents were recorded, reflecting an OHS emergency. This study aimed to empirically analyze factors statistically related to the use of PPE among welding workers at a large shipyard company in Batam City. A cross-sectional quantitative design was used and implemented from March to August 2025. A total of 95 welders from main contractor and subcontractor units were recruited using purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was conducted to examine the relationship between independent variables (knowledge, supervision, and availability of PPE) and the fulfillment of PPE use. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between OHS knowledge and PPE use (p <0.001), supervision and PPE use (p <0.001), and facility availability and PPE use (p <0.001). This confirmed that improved OHS technology, adequate facilities, and consistent supervision play a significant role in improving worker compliance with PPE use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Trisna Dewita, Ice Irawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Oral Apis dorsata Forest Honey Reduces the Number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonies in the Blood of Mice
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen with high antibiotic resistance, driving the need for alternative antibacterials such as forest honey (Apis dorsata), although in vivo evidence distinguishing preventive, curative, and supportive roles remains limited. This true experimental post-test-only study evaluated the effectiveness of Apis dorsata forest honey in inhibiting P. aeruginosa growth in a mouse model. Thirty female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: preventive, curative, supportive, positive control (ceftriaxone), and negative control. Forest honey (0.02 mL/g body weight) was given orally, and P. aeruginosa (10³ CFU/mL) was inoculated intraperitoneally. Bacterial colony counts from blood cultures showed that the negative control group had the highest mean count, while all honey-treated groups showed reduced colonies, especially the curative and supportive groups. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences between groups (p = 0.01). In conclusion, Apis dorsata forest honey was effectively in reducing the growth of P. aeruginosa in mice and shows potential as a complementary antibacterial agent, particularly for curative and supportive therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 A Muhammad Ilham M, Edward Pandu Wiriansya, Rezky Pratiwi L. Basri, Dwi Anggita, Yani Sodiqah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Related to the Quality of Life of Students in Pondok Pesantren Al-Wasatiyah Cipondoh, Tangerang Kota
The quality of life of adolescents is a crucial aspect considering that this phase is characterized by physical, psychological, emotional, and social changes. Students in Islamic boarding schools face additional challenges such as dense activities, limited family interactions, and academic and religious pressures that have the potential to reduce the quality of life. The purpose of the study was to find out the factors related to the quality of life of students at the Al-Wasatiyah Islamic Boarding School Cipondoh. This study used a correlation design with Spearman Rank test as well as quantitative approach with a sample of 117 students (total sampling). WHOQOL-BREF, PSS-10, PSQI, Brief COPE, and MSPSS as research instruments. The average student is 15 years old, male (55.6%), and at the junior high school level (64.1%). The majority of subjects had moderate levels of stress (53%), poor sleep quality (97.4%), high social support (51.3%), adaptive coping strategies (60.6%), and moderate quality of life (59.8%). A significant relationship was found between quality of life and gender, sleep quality, coping strategies, and social support with a p-value of < 0.05. Meanwhile, there was no relationship between age, education level, or stress level with quality of life with a p-value of > 0.05. Further research is recommended to be carried out on Islamic boarding schools with different characteristics, including the pesantren environment, the burden of daily activities, and peer dynamics, as well as developing an applicative approach to improve the quality of life of students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Setiowati, Dita Fitriyani, Ernawati, Ita Yuanita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dietary Patterns, Energy Intake, and Hemoglobin Levels with Nutritional Status Nutrition Students
Nutritional status is an important indicator of students’ health and productivity, particularly among nutrition students who are expected to have a good understanding of dietary patterns. This study aimed to determine the relationship between eating behavior, energy intake, and hemoglobin levels with nutritional status.This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 406 students from the Nutrition Department of Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungkarang, with a sample of 100 subjects selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) to assess eating behavior, a 2×24-hour dietary recall to measure energy intake, and hemoglobin level measurement using the finger prick method. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression. The multivariate model was statistically significant (p < 0.001, Nagelkerke R Square = 0.314 ). Energy intake and hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with nutritional status, where inadequate energy intake showed a higher prevalence ratio (PR) for abnormal nutritional status. Meanwhile, eating behavior was not a significant factor. The results showed that energy intake and hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with nutritional status. Students with inadequate energy intake were more likely to have abnormal nutritional status. Meanwhile, eating behavior was not significantly associated with nutritional status. Based on these findings, students are encouraged to improve emotional eating control and maintain balanced energy intake according to their nutritional needs to achieve optimal nutritional status.
Copyright (c) 2026 Estu Ayu Ningsih, Sugeng Eko Irianto, Bambang Setiaji, Endang Budiati, Dian Utama Pratiwi Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hedonic and Proximate Analysis of Parang-parang Fish Bone Crackers and Moringa Leaves as an Alternative Food for Stunting Prevention
Fish bones are a potential waste containing micronutrients, but their use in food products is still limited. Fortification of moringa leaf powder has the potential to improve the nutritional quality of food products. This study aimed to increase the nutritional value of parang-parang fish bone crackers (Chirocentrus dorab) added with moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera) as a food alternative that has the potential to support stunting prevention. The type of pure experimental research used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two replications. The treatment of parang-parang fish bone crackers and moringa leaf flour formulations was 3 levels, namely F1 = 75%, 25%, 1%, F2 = 75%, 25%, 3%, and F3 = 75%, 25%, 5%. The organoleptic test involved 30 trained panelists to assess the preference for fish cracker products, including color, aroma, texture, and overall. Then, an analysis of the nutritional content was also carried out, which included energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, phosphorus, and calcium in the product. Analysis using nonparametric statistical tests, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney, a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The study showed that the formula (F1) was most preferred by panelists in all organoleptic parameters. Meanwhile, the results of the proximate test showed the highest energy (440.44 kcal) and fat (14%) in F3, protein (4.36%), calcium (1125.53 mg), phosphorus (5397.44 mg), ash content (6.88%), and water content (1.63%) were highest in F2, while the highest carbohydrate content was found in F1 (78.85%). Formula F1 was most preferred with a significant difference, while F2 has the potential to be the best choice to increase protein, calcium, and phosphorus content, so that it can be developed as a functional food in efforts to prevent stunting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eri Virmando, Hamdani SP Ginting, Emilia, Ambar Wicaksono, Retno Febrianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Maternal Nutritional Status in Relation to Stunting Incidence as a Preventive Effort during the First 1000 Days of Life
Undernutrition and stunting are interrelated conditions that can affect the quality of human resources. These problems indirectly contribute to high maternal, infant, and under-five mortality rates, as well as low life expectancy. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal nutritional status and the incidence of stunting in Boneatiro Village, Kapontori Subdistrict, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. This study was conducted in Boneatiro Village with a population of 123 children under five. A total of 40 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The study employed a case-control design with a retrospective approach. Data were collected through interviews and observations of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, as well as bivariate and multivariate analyses (Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression). The Chi-square test showed a significant association between maternal body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.022) and chronic energy deficiency (CED) (p = 0.011) with the incidence of stunting. The ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal nutritional status had a significant effect on stunting in children, with p = 0.025 (95% CI −4.875 to −0.328) for BMI and p = 0.005 (95% CI −3.137 to −0.566) for CED. In conclusion, maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, particularly underweight conditions and CED, significantly influenced the incidence of stunting in children. Mothers with poor nutritional status had a higher risk of delivering stunted children, especially those classified as severely stunted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Yun Diniaty Rosidi, Rajia, Harnaningsi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Cardioprotective Mechanisms of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Vitex cofassus Through Network Pharmacology
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with an increasing prevalence each year. The complexity of CVD pathophysiology, which involves multiple biological pathways, required a multitarget therapeutic approach. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-cardiovascular activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Vitex cofassus leaves through integrated phytochemical analysis, network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The ethyl acetate fraction of Vitexcofassus leaves was analyzed using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), identifying 232 compounds, of which 104 met drug-likeness criteria. Network pharmacology screening revealed 274 potential cardiovascular-related targets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis highlighted enriched biological processes including responses to oxygen-containing compounds, while cellular component analysis localized target genes primarily to plasma membrane structures, neuron projections, and synapses. Molecular functions were significantly associated with signaling receptor activity and kinase activity, while KEGG pathway analysis further linked Vitex cofassus to key cardiovascular pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions.The results of Network pharmacology analysis identified SRC, HSP90AA1 and TNF-a proteins as potential targets associated with cardiovascular diseases. Molecular docking studies demonstrated strong binding affinities of selected compounds to HSP90AA1, particularly Compound 74 (-9.703 kcal/mol) and Compound 199 (-9.471 kcal/mol), surpassing the HSP90AA1 native ligand. Similarly, TNF-α binding analysis revealed potent interactions, with Compound 20 (-4.483) and Compound 74 (-4.444) exhibiting superior affinity compared to the native ligand. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Vitex cofassus ethyl acetate fraction contains bioactive compounds with multi-target cardiovascular protective effects, supporting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for cardiovascular diseases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Puput Widarini, Ruslin Ruslin, Muhammad Arba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Determinants of Pediculosis capitis Incidence in Female Students of the Integrated Islamic School of Raudhatul Ulum
Pediculosis capitis is an infestation of the human skin and scalp by the parasitic pest Pediculus humanus capitisIts prevalence was reported to be high and variable worldwide. The estimated prevalence of Pediculosis capitis in Indonesia is 29%. Pediculosis capitis in children can cause decreased health and cognitive performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of Pediculosis capitis among female students at the Raudhatul Ulum Integrated Islamic School. The study was conducted cross-sectionally with 132 subjects using a multistage sampling technique. The independent variables in the study were humidity, occupancy density, use of shared combs, use of shared headscarves, use of shared mukena and use of shared pillows with the dependent variable Pediculosis capitis. Bivariable statistical analysis concluded that there was no significant correlation between room humidity (p-value 0,087) and occupancy density factors (p-value = 0,776). There was a significant correlation between the variables of use of shared mukena (p-value <0,001), use of shared pillows (p-value <0,001), use of shared combs (p-value <0,001), and use of shared headscarves (p-value <0,001) with the incidence of Pediculosis capitis in female students at the Raudhatul Ulum Sakatiga Islamic Boarding School. The use of mukena was the dominant variable influencing Pediculosis capitis in female students controlled by other variables (PR = 20,812). There were four related variables and two unrelated variables in the results of the research analysis. It is hoped that every Islamic boarding school institution will pay attention to the cleanliness and health of its students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Intan Permata Sari, Elvi Sunarsih, Kartika Putri Septiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mobile Application-based Continuity of Care Training on Improving Midwifery Students' Knowledge
The quality of midwifery education is a key factor influencing maternal and newborn health outcomes and the achievement of global development goals. To address 21st-century challenges, midwives must be equipped with the skills provided by a competency-based Continuity of Care (CoC) curriculum aligned with educational standards. However, implementing CoC within learning methodologies and clinical guidance remains challenging. Technology-based training has emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues. This study aimed to analyze the effect of mobile CoC training on students’ knowledge. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted with 50 students selected through purposive sampling. Knowledge was measured using a validated structured questionnaire. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant increase in knowledge after the intervention (p-value <0,001). An effect size of 0,661 indicates that mobile application-based training has a strong influence (moderate-to-large category) on increasing students’ knowledge. The use of this application facilitated flexible, interactive access to materials, thereby enhancing students’ cognitive competence in providing continuous midwifery care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wiwin Mintarsih Purnamasari, Yeni Fitrianingsih, Ari Indra Susanti, Lia Nurcahyani, Ida Sugiarti, Dini Mariani, Herni Kurnia, Mardiana Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0