Detail Journal Information: Journal Title in ISSN: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA) ROAD ISSN | LIPI ISSN DOI: prefix 10.36590 e-ISSN: 2686-2883 (Online) Editor-in-chief: Dr. Rahmawati, S.Gz, M.Si Language: Indonesian or English Frequency: Three issues per year | April, August, and December Management Style: Open Access Focus and scope: Medical and Clinical Research, Food and Nutrition research, Public Health Research, Obstetrics Management Research, Nursing Management Research, and Pharmacy Research | more info Publisher: Sarana Ilmu Indonesia (salnesia) Accreditation: SINTA 3 Indexing: SINTA, GARUDA, Dimensions, Google Scholar | more info Visitor Statistic: Unique Visits Journal History: more info Announcement: Urgent Information| more info Citation Analysis: Dimensions, Google Scholar Collaboration with: ASOSIASI PENGELOLA JURNAL INDONESIA;ASOSIASI RISET ILMU KESEHATAN INDONESIA (ARIKESI);IKATAN SARJANA GIZI (ISAGI)
Physical Activity Related to Random Glucose Levels in Adult Patients in Yogyakarta: A Case-Control Study
High blood sugar levels are a sign of impaired metabolism in the body. High blood sugar levels with clinical symptoms are the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for blood sugar levels based on community participation through early detection and monitoring of the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases at POSBINDU in the city of Yogyakarta. Data were obtained from the Non-Communicable Disease Information System (NCD-IS) of the Yogyakarta City Health Office in January - June 2022. The study was conducted with a case-control study (cases to controls ratio 1:2) with matched by sex and age group. Cases are people who have blood sugar levels ≥200 mg/dL as many as 169 people. Controls were people with blood sugar levels <200 mg/dL, with a total of 338 people. The analytical test used was the Chi-square test. Physical activity was significantly associated (p-value 0.009; 95% CI 0.55 – 0.91). There is a relationship between lack of physical activity and with the incidence of abnormal blood sugar levels. Lack of physical activity affects blood sugar levels to be abnormal.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatma Nuraisyah, Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti, Apriyana Irjayanti, Maxsi Irmanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Health Belief Model–Based Education on Post-Stroke Neurological Disorders Affecting Oral Health: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Stroke is no longer limited to the elderly but is increasingly found among younger populations. However, adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes toward stroke remain low. Stroke can affect oral and facial tissues, disrupting essential daily functions such as eating, drinking, swallowing, and communication. This study aimed to examine the effect of Health Belief Model (HBM)–based health education on students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding post-stroke neurological disorders affecting oral health. The study employed a quasi-experimental approach using a non-equivalent control group design among 64 first-year students of Dental Technology and Dental Health at Tanjung Karang Polytechnic. Participants were chosen through simple random sampling and then assigned to experimental and control groups. The study consisted of three stages: pre-test, intervention, and post-test. Knowledge was measured using 20 multiple-choice questions, while attitudes were assessed using 15 Likert-scale statements. Data were analysed using Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank, Independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney with SPSS version 26. The results showed significant improvements in both groups (p < 0.05), with greater gains in the experimental group for knowledge (t = 24.334 vs. 8.184) and attitudes (t = 13.538 vs. Z = -4.944). However, based on the Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group (p < 0.05). HBM-based health education was more effective than conventional education in improving students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding post-stroke neurological disorders affecting oral health. The HBM approach was recommended as an effective educational framework for health promotion in post-stroke oral health care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jenal Abidin, Sepriana Urianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hedonic and Proximate Analysis of Parang-parang Fish Bone Crackers and Moringa Leaves as an Alternative Food for Stunting Prevention
Fish bones are a potential waste containing micronutrients, but their use in food products is still limited. Fortification of moringa leaf powder has the potential to improve the nutritional quality of food products. This study aimed to increase the nutritional value of parang-parang fish bone crackers (Chirocentrus dorab) added with moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera) as a food alternative that has the potential to support stunting prevention. The type of pure experimental research used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two replications. The treatment of parang-parang fish bone crackers and moringa leaf flour formulations was 3 levels, namely F1 = 75%, 25%, 1%, F2 = 75%, 25%, 3%, and F3 = 75%, 25%, 5%. The organoleptic test involved 30 trained panelists to assess the preference for fish cracker products, including color, aroma, texture, and overall. Then, an analysis of the nutritional content was also carried out, which included energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, phosphorus, and calcium in the product. Analysis using nonparametric statistical tests, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney, a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The study showed that the formula (F1) was most preferred by panelists in all organoleptic parameters. Meanwhile, the results of the proximate test showed the highest energy (440.44 kcal) and fat (14%) in F3, protein (4.36%), calcium (1125.53 mg), phosphorus (5397.44 mg), ash content (6.88%), and water content (1.63%) were highest in F2, while the highest carbohydrate content was found in F1 (78.85%). Formula F1 was most preferred with a significant difference, while F2 has the potential to be the best choice to increase protein, calcium, and phosphorus content, so that it can be developed as a functional food in efforts to prevent stunting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eri Virmando, Hamdani SP Ginting, Emilia, Ambar Wicaksono, Retno Febrianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Menu Acceptability in Indonesia’s Free Nutritious School Meal Program (MBG) among SD and SMP Students in North Jakarta
Indonesia’s Nutritious Meal Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis, MBG) is a school-based intervention aimed at improving students’ nutritional intake. The success of the program depends not only on menu quality but also on food acceptability, which influences actual consumption. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of MBG menu acceptability among elementary school (ES) and junior high school (JHS) students in North Jakarta. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two program-recipient schools, including ES (n=87) and JHS (n=73) students. Menu acceptability was assessed using a hedonic test, employing a 3-point scale for ES students and a 5-point scale for JHS students. Hedonic scores from ES students were linearly transformed to a 1–5 scale to enable comparability. Independent variables included nutrition knowledge, teacher support, household income, and eating habits (JHS only). Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square test, and Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR). Results showed that overall acceptability scores were significantly higher among JHS than ES students (p < 0.001), while in ES, nutrition knowledge, teacher support, and household income showed no independent association with menu acceptability. In the JHS group, nutrition knowledge and eating habits were significantly associated with higher menu acceptability, while teacher support and household income were not significant in the final model. These findings indicated that determinants of menu acceptability differ by educational level. Tailored strategies to students’ development may improve school meals’ effectiveness in promoting healthy eating.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mia Srimiati, Adhila Fayasari, Meisi Aspiran Telaumbauna, Ananda Gabriella https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antibacterial Effectiveness of Star Anise Extract (Illicium verum) Against the Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen with high antibiotic resistance, posing significant treatment challenges. Star anise (Illicium verum) contains bioactive compounds like shikimic acid and anethole, which exhibit antibacterial potential. However, its effectiveness against Klebsiella pneumoniae remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of star anise extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae and compare it with meropenem as a positive control. This in vitro experimental study employed the Kirby–Bauer disc method with a post-test-only control group design. Star anise extract was prepared via maceration and tested at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Phytochemical tests identified active compounds, while Klebsiella pneumoniae was confirmed through biochemical tests and Gram staining. Antibacterial effectiveness was assessed based on inhibition zone diameters on Mueller Hinton agar. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 95% significance level. The extract contained saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and trans-anethole. While increasing extract concentration significantly enhanced the inhibition zone diameter (p < 0.05), all concentrations were categorized as weak against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Based on the diameter of the inhibition zones, the antibacterial activity of the star anise extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae can be classified as weak, particularly against resistant strains.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Muhammad Alif, Marzelina Karim, Andy Visi Kartika, Yani Sodiqah, Rachmat Faisal Syamsu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Type of Feeding and Age Group with the Incidence of Diarrhea in Infants Aged 0–6 Months
Diarrhea remains a common health problem among infants, particularly during the first six months of life. Differences in feeding methods and the level of maturity of the infant digestive system are believed to influence susceptibility to diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the incidence of diarrhea and type of feeding (exclusive breastfeeding or formula feeding) as well as infant age group (0–3 months and 4–6 months). Medical records of 84 infants treated at Hermina Hospital, Bogor, during 2025 were analyzed using the Chi-square statistical test, while the strength of the association was measured using prevalence ratio analysis. The results showed that infants who received formula feeding tended to experience diarrhea more frequently than those who received exclusive breastfeeding, and this difference was statistically significant. In addition, older infants tended to experience diarrhea more frequently than younger infants, and this difference was also statistically significant. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting exclusive breastfeeding as a preventive measure against diarrhea in infants, while also highlighting the need for close monitoring of early signs of digestive disorders, especially during the transitional phase after two months of age. Providing educational support for parents and healthcare workers is also important to improve understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and to facilitate early detection of diarrhea.
Copyright (c) 2026 R Yusuf Firdaus Albana, Raden Ayu Libert Gatho Reza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heart Disease Risk Classification and Feature Importance Based on Machine Learning Using Microdata SKI 2023
Cardiovascular disease remained the leading cause of mortality in Indonesia, with death rates increasing by more than 25% and national health expenditure reaching Rp17.92 trillion. Its complex risk profile requires population-based predictive approaches. The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) provided extensive data suitable for Machine Learning-based risk modelling. This study aimed to develop a classification model for heart-disease risk and identify dominant risk factors using the Random Forest algorithm. A case-control design was applied, with data divided into training and testing sets using an 80:20 ratio to ensure objective model evaluation. The analysis followed the Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) framework, including data selection, preprocessing, transformation, modelling, and evaluation. Random Forest was used for classification, while feature importance was assessed using Information Gain and Gain Ratio. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Age, hypertension, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were identified as the most influential predictors. The model achieved an accuracy of 72.13%, sensitivity of 73.11%, and specificity of 71.26%, indicating stable classification performance on large population data. However, this study is limited by the use of secondary data and the absence of external validation. These findings highlight the potential of Machine Learning to support population-based risk stratification and inform targeted prevention strategies, contributing to evidence-based policy development and early screening programs in primary healthcare settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahra Mulki Syari'ati, Maula Ismail Muhamad, Lina Khasanah, Bambang Karmanto, Suratmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of Annealing Temperature and Agarose Concentration in Detecting the mecA Gene of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with the expression of the mecA gene. This study aimed to determine the optimal annealing temperature and agarose concentration to achieve the best PCR product quality based on the evaluation of DNA band integrity, thickness, and resolution. DNA was extracted from five S. aureus samples to detect isolates containing the mecA gene. The experimental variations included annealing temperatures of 53°C, 55°C, 57°C, and 59°C, as well as agarose concentrations of 1% and 1.5%. Through densitometry measurements, the optimal mecA gene band thickness was achieved at an annealing temperature of 59°C. Furthermore, the use of a 1.5% agarose concentration provided the best DNA separation resolution compared to the 1% concentration. In conclusion, optimization of annealing temperature and agarose concentration parameters was crucial to ensure the accuracy of MRSA diagnosis in the laboratory .
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Abdullah Alhakim, Kurnia Ritma Dhanti, Kurniawan, Arif Mulyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Nurses' Palliative Care Knowledge and Attitudes: Psychosocial and Spiritual as Aspects That Need to Be Improved
Palliative care is a healthcare service that emphasizes addressing the holistic needs of patients, including physical, psychological, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects, particularly for those with chronic illnesses or life-threatening conditions. Nevertheless, its implementation in healthcare facilities continued to face challenges, especially regarding the limited availability of palliative services and the insufficient knowledge among nurses, who play a pivotal role in delivering care. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care in inpatient wards. The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional design. All nurses meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited as subjects through total sampling, resulting in a sample of 54 participants at Purwokerto Islamic Hospital. Data were collected using the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN-I) to assess knowledge and the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD-B)scale to evaluate attitudes. Data analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rank correlation test, yielding a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.610, indicating a moderately strong positive relationship, which demonstrates that nurses’ knowledge is associated with their attitudes toward palliative care. These findings suggested that enhancing nurses’ knowledge contributes to the development of more positive attitudes. Therefore, it remained essential to strengthen nurses’ competencies, particularly in the psychosocial and spiritual domains.
Copyright (c) 2026 Doni Tri Wijaya, Isna Hikmawati, Umi Solikhah, Happy Dwi Aprilina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Related to the Quality of Life of Students in Pondok Pesantren Al-Wasatiyah Cipondoh, Tangerang Kota
The quality of life of adolescents is a crucial aspect considering that this phase is characterized by physical, psychological, emotional, and social changes. Students in Islamic boarding schools face additional challenges such as dense activities, limited family interactions, and academic and religious pressures that have the potential to reduce the quality of life. The purpose of the study was to find out the factors related to the quality of life of students at the Al-Wasatiyah Islamic Boarding School Cipondoh. This study used a correlation design with Spearman Rank test as well as quantitative approach with a sample of 117 students (total sampling). WHOQOL-BREF, PSS-10, PSQI, Brief COPE, and MSPSS as research instruments. The average student is 15 years old, male (55.6%), and at the junior high school level (64.1%). The majority of subjects had moderate levels of stress (53%), poor sleep quality (97.4%), high social support (51.3%), adaptive coping strategies (60.6%), and moderate quality of life (59.8%). A significant relationship was found between quality of life and gender, sleep quality, coping strategies, and social support with a p-value of < 0.05. Meanwhile, there was no relationship between age, education level, or stress level with quality of life with a p-value of > 0.05. Further research is recommended to be carried out on Islamic boarding schools with different characteristics, including the pesantren environment, the burden of daily activities, and peer dynamics, as well as developing an applicative approach to improve the quality of life of students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Setiowati, Dita Fitriyani, Ernawati, Ita Yuanita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Oral Apis dorsata Forest Honey Reduces the Number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonies in the Blood of Mice
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen with high antibiotic resistance, driving the need for alternative antibacterials such as forest honey (Apis dorsata), although in vivo evidence distinguishing preventive, curative, and supportive roles remains limited. This true experimental post-test-only study evaluated the effectiveness of Apis dorsata forest honey in inhibiting P. aeruginosa growth in a mouse model. Thirty female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: preventive, curative, supportive, positive control (ceftriaxone), and negative control. Forest honey (0.02 mL/g body weight) was given orally, and P. aeruginosa (10³ CFU/mL) was inoculated intraperitoneally. Bacterial colony counts from blood cultures showed that the negative control group had the highest mean count, while all honey-treated groups showed reduced colonies, especially the curative and supportive groups. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences between groups (p = 0.01). In conclusion, Apis dorsata forest honey was effectively in reducing the growth of P. aeruginosa in mice and shows potential as a complementary antibacterial agent, particularly for curative and supportive therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 A Muhammad Ilham M, Edward Pandu Wiriansya, Rezky Pratiwi L. Basri, Dwi Anggita, Yani Sodiqah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Body Composition and Handgrip Strength for Early Detection of Sarcopenia in Employees
Sarcopenia is a degenerative disorder characterized by the decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, which is now emerging among the sedentary productive-age population. Early detection of this condition can be practically and affordably achieved through body composition analysis and handgrip strength measurement.This study aimed to investigate the correlation between body composition parameters and handgrip strength among the staff at Immanuel Health Institute. This study used a cross-sectional analytic study design on 75 employees selected using total sampling. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, visceral fat, and skeletal muscle mass were measured using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) scale, while handgrip strength was assessed with a digital hand dynamometer. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength (r = 0.602, p < 0,001), while a significant negative correlation was found with body fat percentage (r = -0.536, p < 0.001). Neither BMI (r = 0.033, p = 0.778) nor visceral fat (r = 0.175, p = 0.133) demonstrated a significant relationship. Multiple linear regression analysis identified skeletal muscle mass as the only significant predictor of handgrip strength (β = 2.176, p < 0.001), with an adjusted R² value of 0.530. In conclusion, skeletal muscle mass was a key predictor of handgrip strength among employees. Skeletal muscle mass using BIA in conjunction with handgrip strength was suggested as an effective and practical method for early detection of sarcopenia in the productive workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iriyanti Harun, Stephanie Melia, Iriyani Harun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Health Education Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior for Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive, incurable condition that requires lifelong renal replacement therapy, one of which is hemodialysis. Patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience varying degrees of anxiety, necessitating interventions to help manage it. This study aimed to analyze the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy and health education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on anxiety levels in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis at AN-Nisa Hospital. The study used a quantitative method with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire to measure anxiety levels. The intervention was provided through progressive muscle relaxation therapy and health education using standard operating procedures (SOPs) and leaflets compiled based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the univariate analysis showed that after the intervention, most subjects did not experience anxiety, namely 32 subjects (97.0%). The Wilcoxon test results in the intervention group showed a p-value of <0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of the intervention on reducing anxiety. Research findings indicated that a combination of progressive muscle relaxation therapy and health education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior effectively reduces anxiety levels in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. This intervention can be considered as a nursing approach to managing anxiety in hemodialysis patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imas Sartika, Dewi Nur Puspita Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Changes in Adolescents' Premarital Sex Attitudes After Reproductive Health Education
Premarital sexual behavior among adolescents remains a public health problem because it can lead to the risk of unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and psychological impacts. Lack of knowledge about reproductive health is one of the factors causing the emergence of this risky behavior. This study aimed to analyze changes in adolescents' premarital sexual attitudes after reproductive health counseling. The research design used a pre-experimental with a one-group pre-test and post-test method. The research subjects were 70 eighth-grade students selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a 23-item Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability (Cronbach Alpha = 0.852). Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test because the data were not normally distributed. The results showed an increase in attitude scores after counseling, with an average pre-test score of 58.54 and a post-test score of 83.06. The median value increased from 53.50 to 84.00, while the mode increased from 77 to 92. The Wilcoxon test results showed a p-value < 0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the scores before and after counseling. In conclusion, reproductive health counseling has been proven to be effective in increasing
Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Ayu Ciputri, Sheena Ramadhia Asmaradhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Growth Organizational Culture on Hospital Performance Mediated by Person–Organization Fit and Job Satisfaction
Achieving optimal hospital performance requires management to align organizational culture with employee characteristics, with leadership serving as a strategic guiding mechanism. This study explored organizational leadership as a control variable influencing these relationships at Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Palembang. This study aims to provide strategic insights for management to enhance performance through effective organizational culture management, person-organization fit, and increased employee job satisfaction.The population in this study was all staff, both health workers and non-health workers who worked at Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Palembang during the period October to November 2024. This study involved 170 staff with a medical background (doctors) of 58 people, nurses 61 people, other health workers 36 people, and non-medical staff of 15 people. The sample selection technique used in this study was a purposive sampling approach, also known as judgmental sampling. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires containing 35 questions with a Likert Scale of 1-5. The data were analyzed using the SEM PLS method. Based on the results of this study, growth organizational culture positively influenced hospital performance, job satisfaction, and Person–Organization Fit. Also, organizational leadership affected hospital performance. The findings of this study could provide significant managerial implications for hospital management to make several continuous improvement, especially concerning aspects of human resource development and organizational culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustina Setyaningrum, Dewi Sri Wuisan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Energy Intake, PUFA, Vitamin E, Vitamin B1, and Vitamin B6 with Hemoglobin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a structural or functional kidney disorder that lasts for three months or longer despite poor health. Patients with kidney disease are at risk of developing anemia, the primary etiology of which is decreased erythropoietin. Energy intake, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 play a role in erythropoiesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between energy intake, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 with Hb levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Ciamis Regional General Hospital. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique in this study used non-probability sampling with quota sampling with a sample size of 74 subjects. Energy intake, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 were obtained through 3 x 24-hour non-consecutive food recalls. Data on subjects' hemoglobin levels used pre-hemodialysis hemoglobin levels obtained from subjects' medical records. Bivariate analysis used the Spearman-Rank correlation test. The results of the study showed that there was an association between energy intake (p-value = 0.000; ρ = 0.534), PUFA (p-value = 0.002; ρ = 0.367), vitamin E (p-value = 0.001; ρ = 0.370), vitamin B1 (p-value = 0.001; ρ = 0.370), and vitamin B6 (p-value = <0.001; ρ = 0.471) with Hb levels. It was concluded that energy intake, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 with Hb levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Adequate energy intake and a diet rich in PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 ciuld help prevent anemia in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luh Desi Puspareni, Rani Triani, Taufiq Firdaus Al-Ghifari Atmaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Protein Intake Among Female Adolescents in Tasikmalaya City
Adequate protein quantity and quality are vital to support the rapid physical growth, development, and specific nutritional needs of adolescent girls. This study aimed to analyze protein intake in adolescent girls. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 514 female students from 10 public junior high schools in Tasikmalaya City who were selected using proportional random sampling. Protein intake was measured using a 2 x 24-hour non-consecutive food recall method. Total protein intake data (g) were separated into animal protein intake and vegetable protein intake. Demographic factors, eating habits, and behavior of the subjects were measured using a structured questionnaire. Analysis used the Spearman Rank Test and the Mann Whitney Test for non-normally distributed data. The results that showed a relationship with total protein intake were age (p = 0.013), father's education (p = 0.005), mother's education (p = 0.001), father's occupation (p < 0.001), and snacking habits (p = 0.008). Factors associated with animal protein intake were maternal education (p = 0.03), paternal occupation (p = 0.003), and maternal occupation (p = 0.028). Meal skipping was associated with total protein intake (p = 0.004) and vegetable protein intake (p = 0.016). Breakfast habits were associated with animal protein intake (p = 0.048). This provided a basis for designing appropriate nutrition programs, including education about healthy food choices and the importance of nutrient balance in the daily diet of adolescent girls.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Fikrinnisa, Lilik Hidayanti, Luh Desi Puspareni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Balanced Nutrition Knowledge and Eating Patterns with Nutritional Status of Adolescents
Adolescents were a vulnerable age group to nutritional problems due to rapid physical growth and development. These problems could be prevented through the implementation of a balanced diet supported by adequate nutritional knowledge, as the level of knowledge influenced food choices and the fulfillment of nutritional needs. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between balanced nutrition knowledge, dietary patterns, and the nutritional status of students at SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu City. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design involving 60 tenth-grade students who were selected through a cluster random sampling technique. The research instruments included informed consent, a balanced nutrition knowledge questionnaire, the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ), and measurements of body weight and height to determine body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age). The results showed that most students had poor nutritional knowledge (58.3%), unhealthy dietary patterns (51.7%), and non-normal nutritional status (46.7%). The Chi-square test indicated a significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and nutritional status (p = 0.029), as well as between dietary patterns and nutritional status (p = 0.037). These findings suggested that improving adolescents' nutritional status required interventions that not only enhanced knowledge but also promoted changes in eating behavior and supported a healthy food environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hanny Tri Anysha Pinem, Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak, Ahmad Rizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Maternal Nutritional Status in Relation to Stunting Incidence as a Preventive Effort during the First 1000 Days of Life
Undernutrition and stunting are interrelated conditions that can affect the quality of human resources. These problems indirectly contribute to high maternal, infant, and under-five mortality rates, as well as low life expectancy. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal nutritional status and the incidence of stunting in Boneatiro Village, Kapontori Subdistrict, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. This study was conducted in Boneatiro Village with a population of 123 children under five. A total of 40 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The study employed a case-control design with a retrospective approach. Data were collected through interviews and observations of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, as well as bivariate and multivariate analyses (Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression). The Chi-square test showed a significant association between maternal body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.022) and chronic energy deficiency (CED) (p = 0.011) with the incidence of stunting. The ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal nutritional status had a significant effect on stunting in children, with p = 0.025 (95% CI −4.875 to −0.328) for BMI and p = 0.005 (95% CI −3.137 to −0.566) for CED. In conclusion, maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, particularly underweight conditions and CED, significantly influenced the incidence of stunting in children. Mothers with poor nutritional status had a higher risk of delivering stunted children, especially those classified as severely stunted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Yun Diniaty Rosidi, Rajia, Harnaningsi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Education, Tenure, and Training on Nurse Knowledge in Handling Emergency Patients
The knowledge and competencies of nurses critically influence the quality and safety of emergency patient care. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between education level, tenure, and participation in emergency training programs with nurses’ knowledge in handling emergency patients. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 30 nurses working in the Emergency Department of a Type C regional hospital in Indonesia. Data were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was performed using Fisher’s Exact Test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The findings showed that most respondents were aged 20–30 years (80%), had higher educational qualifications (53.3%), had worked for less than five years (60%), and had participated in formal emergency training (53.3%). Significant associations were identified between nurses’ knowledge and educational level (p = 0.011), tenure (p = 0.007), and emergency training participation (p = 0.014). Nurses with higher education and emergency training demonstrated better knowledge levels. Interestingly, nurses with shorter working experience showed higher knowledge, possibly due to greater exposure to updated curricula and recent emergency training. This study highlights the importance of continuous professional development, structured emergency training, and competency-based nursing education in improving emergency nursing preparedness and patient safety. Hospitals should strengthen regular certification and refresher training programs to maintain the quality of emergency healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasi Rahagia, Zumrotul Ula, Suprapto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dietary Patterns, Energy Intake, and Hemoglobin Levels with Nutritional Status Nutrition Students
Nutritional status is an important indicator of students’ health and productivity, particularly among nutrition students who are expected to have a good understanding of dietary patterns. This study aimed to determine the relationship between eating behavior, energy intake, and hemoglobin levels with nutritional status.This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 406 students from the Nutrition Department of Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungkarang, with a sample of 100 subjects selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) to assess eating behavior, a 2×24-hour dietary recall to measure energy intake, and hemoglobin level measurement using the finger prick method. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression. The multivariate model was statistically significant (p < 0.001, Nagelkerke R Square = 0.314 ). Energy intake and hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with nutritional status, where inadequate energy intake showed a higher prevalence ratio (PR) for abnormal nutritional status. Meanwhile, eating behavior was not a significant factor. The results showed that energy intake and hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with nutritional status. Students with inadequate energy intake were more likely to have abnormal nutritional status. Meanwhile, eating behavior was not significantly associated with nutritional status. Based on these findings, students are encouraged to improve emotional eating control and maintain balanced energy intake according to their nutritional needs to achieve optimal nutritional status.
Copyright (c) 2026 Estu Ayu Ningsih, Sugeng Eko Irianto, Bambang Setiaji, Endang Budiati, Dian Utama Pratiwi Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Ulva lactuca Nori-like Products with Heritage Flavors from Traditional Fermented Products from Riau
The demand for nori in Indonesia continues to rise; however, the limited availability of local raw materials, such as Porphyra sp., necessitates the development of alternative products based on other types of seaweed. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding terasi and rusip to the formulation of nori-like products made from Ulva lactuca on sensory, physical, and chemical characteristics. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, consisting of one factor with four levels and three replications. The treatments involved varying formulations of terasi:rusip ratios (1:4, 2:3, 3:2, and 4:1). The best formula was determined based on hedonic sensory evaluation by trained panelists. The selected formula was then subjected to proximate analysis and color profiling. The results revealed that the best formulation was the 3:2 terasi:rusip ratio, which achieved the highest hedonic score for overall acceptability (4.5, categorized as "very liked"). Proximate analysis of the best formula showed a protein content of 18.14%, moisture content of 2.46%, ash content of 20.53%, fat content of 10.28%, and carbohydrate content of 48.59%. The dominant amino acids in the nori-like product were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine. Color profile analysis indicated an L* value of 41.46 (high brightness), a* value of -9.33 (green dominance), and b* value of 30.32 (yellowish tendency). These findings suggested that the combination of terasi and rusip enhances the sensory quality and physicochemical characteristics of nori-likeproducts while offering potential for the development of local nori products with distinctive Indonesian flavors.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Haekal Tiftazani, Joko Santoso, Wahyu Ramadhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk Factors of Stunting Among Under-Five Children in the Babirik Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in toddlers in Indonesia, including in Babirik District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, with a prevalence rate of 23.98%, which impacts children's growth and development. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for stunting in toddlers aged 12–59 months in Babirik District. This study used an observational analytical design with a case-control approach in 108 toddlers with a 1:1 ratio. The variables studied included maternal age during pregnancy, maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, maternal history of pregnancy complications, birth weight, history of exclusive breastfeeding, and history of complementary feeding. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with searches of KIA books and medical records, data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR). The results showed that the majority of mothers during pregnancy were 20–35 years old (83.3%), with normal nutritional status (65.7%), and did not experience pregnancy complications (75.9%). Most toddlers were born with normal weight (88%), received exclusive breastfeeding (54.6%), and received complementary foods on time (57.4%). Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy (p-value = 0.008), birth weight (p-value = 0.008; OR = 1.895), and exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.001; OR = 1.317) were significantly associated with stunting, while maternal age, pregnancy complications, and appropriate complementary feeding were not associated (p-value > 0.05). It is recommended that stuntingprevention efforts focus on improving maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, monitoring birth weight, and strengthening exclusive breastfeeding through health services
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamidah, Niken Widyastuti Hariati, Rahmani, Siti Mas'Odah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Drug Management in Increasing Immigrant Patient Satisfaction through Service Quality at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar
Patient satisfaction is a key indicator in assessing the quality of healthcare services, especially for immigrant patients who face language, cultural, and information access challenges. This study aimed to analyze the influence of medication management and service quality on immigrant patient satisfaction at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital in Makassar. The study employed a quantitative approach with a causal design, involving 60 immigrant subjects selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted via questionnaires and direct interviews, then analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results indicated that medication management has a positive and significant effect on immigrant patient satisfaction (β = 0.319; p < 0.05), while service quality demonstrates a stronger and more significant influence (β = 0.668; p < 0.001). The R² value of 0.953 indicates that both variables can explain 95.3% of the variation in patient satisfaction. Service quality dimensions including reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles played an important role in enhancing satisfaction. These findings emphasized the importance of culturally sensitive medication management and quality service in shaping positive experiences for immigrant patients and improving the overall effectiveness of healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdelrazig Kamal Babiker Ahmed, Faradiba Abdul Rasyid, Ahmad Najib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Exposure among Scavengers at Jatibarang Landfill Semarang City
The City of Semarang generated the largest volume of waste in Central Java Province, with 72.01% deposited at the Jatibarang Landfill. The waste was predominantly domestic and had the potential to produce H₂S and NH₃ gases, which might pose health risks. This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with exposure to H₂S and NH₃ among waste pickers at the Jatibarang Landfill. An EHRA approach was applied, involving 77 waste pickers selected through simple random sampling from a total population of 250. Ambient air samples were collected at five locations within the landfill based on areas with the highest scavenging activity. The measured concentrations showed that average H₂S levels were 0.001 ppm and NH₃ levels averaged 0.0168 ppm. Mean exposure duration, frequency, length of employment, and body weight were 24 hours/day, 325.71 days/year, 11 years, and 57.05 kg, respectively. The average H₂S exposure intakes for real-time and realtime exposurewere 1.40 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.23 × 10⁻⁴ mg/kg/day, while NH₃ exposure intakes were 1.66 × 10⁻³ and 3.81 × 10⁻³ mg/kg/day. The cumulative risk characterization for real-time exposure indicated that 100% of waste pickers had RQcum ≤ 1, suggesting no immediate health risk. In contrast, the lifetime projection showed that 100% had RQcum > 1, indicating potential long-term health risks. These findings underscore the need for effective risk management strategies to mitigate health hazards from NH₃ and H₂S exposure among waste pickers at the Jatibarang Landfill in Semarang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lina Nur Qolifah, Suhartono, Nurjazuli, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, Onny Setiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Analysis of Factors Associated with Anxiety in Pregnant Women
Anxiety during pregnancy has the potential to affect the psychological and physical well-being of both the mother and the fetus. If not properly managed, this anxiety can persist into the postpartum period and increase the risk of postpartum depression, labor complications, preterm birth, and low birth weight (LBW) infants, as well as potentially hinder fetal brain development. This study aimed to identify factors associated with anxiety among pregnant women at the Sleman Community Health Center in Yogyakarta. This study was a quantitative survey using a cross-sectional study design. The study subjects consisted of 105 individuals who met the inclusion criteria and were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using the PASS (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale) questionnaire, and analysis was performed using Fisher’s Exact test. The results showed that 51 subjects (48.6%) experienced mild to moderate anxiety. In addition, this study found a significant association between the age of pregnant women and anxiety (p = 0.041). However, no significant association was found between the number of pregnancies (p = 0.063), gestational age (p = 0.275), educational level (p = 0.143), and economic status (p = 0.904) and maternal anxiety. The factor associated with anxiety in pregnant women is maternal age, whereas the number of pregnancies, gestational age, education, and economic status do not influence anxiety in pregnant women. The results of this study support the importance of support through health policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Nadillah Isti, Dwi Ernawati, Ririn Wahyu Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge, Supervision, and Availability of Facilities and the Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Welding Workers in the Shipyard Industry
Welding workers face serious occupational hazards including exposure to metal fumes, ultraviolet radiation, sparks, and musculoskeletal disorders. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO, 2023), nearly 3 million deaths occur annually due to occupational accidents and diseases. In Batam, from January to September 2025, 4,610 cases of occupational accidents were recorded, reflecting an OHS emergency. This study aimed to empirically analyze factors statistically related to the use of PPE among welding workers at a large shipyard company in Batam City. A cross-sectional quantitative design was used and implemented from March to August 2025. A total of 95 welders from main contractor and subcontractor units were recruited using purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was conducted to examine the relationship between independent variables (knowledge, supervision, and availability of PPE) and the fulfillment of PPE use. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between OHS knowledge and PPE use (p <0.001), supervision and PPE use (p <0.001), and facility availability and PPE use (p <0.001). This confirmed that improved OHS technology, adequate facilities, and consistent supervision play a significant role in improving worker compliance with PPE use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Trisna Dewita, Ice Irawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Packaging Methods and Storage Duration on the Organoleptic, Microbiological, and Chemical Qualityof Patin fish-Tempeh Nugget
The modification of nuggets by incorporating tempeh can improve their nutritional value. NUPATE (Patin Fish–Tempeh Nugget) is a product made from catfish and tempeh with the best formulation consisting of 30% catfish and 70% tempeh. This study aimed to determine the effect of packaging methods and storage duration on the organoleptic, microbiological, and chemical quality of NUPATE. An experimental study was conducted using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with packaging methods (vacuum and non-vacuum), storage duration (0, 10, 20, and 30 days), and storage temperatures (20–25°C, >2–10°C, -4–2°C, and -18 to -23°C) as factors. Organoleptic evaluation was carried out by 30 untrained panelists. The results showed that packaging methods and storage duration at different temperatures significantly affected NUPATE quality (p < 0.05). Total Plate Count (TPC) analysis indicated a significant difference between vacuum and non-vacuum packaging (p < 0.05), while protein and fat content decreased with increasing storage duration (p < 0.05). Vacuum packaging at freezer temperature (-18 to -23°C) was the most effective method for maintaining NUPATE quality for up to 30 days.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hesti Atasasih, Irma Susan Paramita, Dewi Rahayu, Nurlisis, Ana Yuliah Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Network Pharmacology-based Analysis of Chemical Compounds from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and Garcinia mangostana L. for Anti-hypercholesterolemic Activity
Roselle tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is widely used as a traditional remedy for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, while mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is known to contain secondary metabolites with potential efficacy in the management of hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to investigate the activity and mechanism of action of the combination of both plants as anti-hypercholesterolemic agents through a Network Pharmacology-based analysis. Active compound identification was performed using the KNApSAcK Family database, ADMET analysis was conducted using the pkCSM and ProTox servers, and protein-protein interactions were analyzed using Cytoscape and STRING. Mechanisms of action were further elucidated through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathwayy analyses using ShinyGO 0.77. The results indicated that β-sitosterol from mangosteen occupied a central role in the anti-hypercholesterolemic interaction network, as indicated by the highest degree value (12.6658), while β-sitosterol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and quercetin from roselle were found to regulate key target genes including ABCA1, APOA1, BAX, BCL2, CASP3, and CD36. These genes were involved in lipid metabolism and the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, which represents a primary complication of hypercholesterolemia. Further research is warranted to validate the efficacy of the combination of extracts or active compounds from both plants, both in vitro and in vivo.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diah Dwi Darma, Habiburrahman Zulfikri, Heri Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nutritional Status, Sleep Duration and the Menstrual Cycle Among Adolescent Girls
Menstrual cycle regularity is an important indicator of reproductive health in adolescent girls. Irregular menstrual cycles are still commonly found and are suspected to be associated with lifestyle factors, particularly nutritional status and sleep duration. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and sleep duration with menstrual cycles among female students at SMAN 10 Tasikmalaya. The study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Respondents were adolescent girls aged 16–18 years who had experienced menstruation. Nutritional status data were obtained through anthropometric measurements using body mass index-for-age, while information regarding sleep duration and menstrual cycles was collected through interviews using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most respondents with overweight nutritional status had normal menstrual cycles. In addition, adolescents with insufficient sleep duration tended to experience irregular menstrual cycles. Nutritional status and sleep habits was associated with menstrual cycle patterns among adolescent girls. Therefore, health education in the school environment regarding the importance of balanced nutrition and good sleep habits is needed to maintain adolescent reproductive health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusrima Syamsina Wardani, Tahirah Sakinatun Nisa, Lilik Hidayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0